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The Dodd–Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act (, ; commonly referred to as Dodd-Frank) was signed into federal law by President Barack Obama on July 21, 2010.〔(【引用サイトリンク】 title=Bill Summary & Status – 111th Congress (2009–2010) – H.R.4173 – All Information – THOMAS (Library of Congress) )〕 Passed as a response to the Great Recession, it brought the most significant changes to financial regulation in the United States since the regulatory reform that followed the Great Depression.〔 〕 It made changes in the American financial regulatory environment that affect all federal financial regulatory agencies and almost every part of the nation's financial services industry. As with other major financial reforms, a variety of critics have attacked the law, some arguing it was not enough to prevent another financial crisis or more bailouts, and others arguing it went too far and unduly restricted financial institutions.〔 The law was initially proposed by the Obama Administration in June 2009, when the White House sent a series of proposed bills to Congress. A version of the legislation was introduced in the House in July 2009. On December 2, 2009, revised versions were introduced in the House of Representatives by then Financial Services Committee Chairman Barney Frank, and in the Senate Banking Committee by former Chairman Chris Dodd. Due to their involvement with the bill, the conference committee that reported on June 25, 2010〔 voted to name the bill after the two members of Congress. ==Origins and proposal== The financial crisis of 2007–2010 led to widespread calls for changes in the regulatory system. In June 2009, President Obama introduced a proposal for a "sweeping overhaul of the United States financial regulatory system, a transformation on a scale not seen since the reforms that followed the Great Depression".〔Sources: * Initial speech: Obama B. (June 17, 2009). (Remarks by the President on 21st Century Financial Regulatory Reform ). White House. * Original 89-page proposal document at GPO: (A New Foundation : rebuilding financial supervision and regulation ). * (Obama’s Financial Reform Plan: The Condensed Version ). ''Wall Street Journal''.〕 As the finalized bill emerged from conference, President Obama stated that the bill included 90 percent of the proposals.〔Obama B. (June 25, 2010). (Remarks by the President on Wall Street Reform ). White House.〕 Major components of Obama's original proposal, listed by order in which they appear in the "A New Foundation" outline,〔 include: # The consolidation of regulatory agencies, elimination of the national thrift charter, and new oversight council to evaluate systemic risk; # Comprehensive regulation of financial markets, including increased transparency of derivatives (bringing them onto exchanges); # Consumer protection reforms including a new consumer protection agency and uniform standards for "plain vanilla" products as well as strengthened investor protection; # Tools for financial crises, including a "resolution regime" complementing the existing Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC) authority to allow for orderly winding down of bankrupt firms, and including a proposal that the Federal Reserve (the "Fed") receive authorization from the Treasury for extensions of credit in "unusual or exigent circumstances"; # Various measures aimed at increasing international standards and cooperation including proposals related to improved accounting and tightened regulation of credit rating agencies. At President Obama's request, Congress later added the Volcker Rule to this proposal in January 2010.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Dodd–Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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